Probability distribution of individual wave overtopping volumes for smooth impermeable steep slopes with low crest freeboards

► Probability distribution of wave overtopping volumes of steep low-crested slopes. ► New experiments and comparison with literature show Weibull distribution is valid. ► Scale and shape of Weibull distribution depend on slope angle and crest freeboard. ► Shape factor in between traditional sea defense structures and submerged slopes. ► Probability of overtopping and run-up height decrease for increasing slope angle.