Biomass and carbon dioxide capture and storage: A review

Bio-CCS shows significant potential to achieve net CO2 removal from the atmosphere at a cost that is comparable to conventional CCS technologies. However, uncertainties remain due to the little experience with large-scale Bio-CCS demonstration plants, gaps in climate policies and accounting frameworks, missing financial instruments, unclear public acceptance and complex sustainability issues. A major conclusion is that the deployment of Bio-CCS cannot take place in isolation, thus will require an approach addressing the inextricable links within the food-water-energy-climate nexus.