Using time-lapse seismic monitoring to identify trapping mechanisms during CO2 sequestration

► We predict the time-lapse seismic response to CO2 sequestration. ► End-member fluid distribution models are used to predict the range of responses. ► Structurally trapped CO2 can be easily detected irrespective of fluid distribution. ► A reflection may be generated between structurally and residually trapped CO2. ► Specific fluid mixing models could be appropriate for certain CO2 trapping phases.