EMAS and ISO 14001 in the German industry - complements or substitutes?

► Corporate decisions about implementing ISO 14001 are motivated by external factors. ► Decisions about EMAS are motivated by internal factors. ► Company classification as fan community, rational calculators, and win-win proponents. ► EMAS and ISO 14001 are likely in a situation of direct competition at present. ► This situation may well turn into complementarity in the future.