Evaluation of CO2 plume migration and storage under dip and sinusoidal structures in geologic formation

Simulation results under the condition of dipping caprock (2°-10°) indicated that the relationship between the migration distance of the CO2 plume front and time followed the linear trends. Among the chosen sensitivity parameters of dip, amplitude, and wavelength, the speed of the CO2 plume front was the most sensitive to the caprock dip, but the stored CO2 mass varied the most significantly with the amplitude. In addition, when the caprock permeability increased, certain amounts of CO2 escaped to the caprock, resulting in a retardation of the CO2 plume. Similarly, in the sensitivity studies of dip, wavelength, and amplitudes, more CO2 leaked to the caprock corresponded to smaller frontal speed of CO2 plume. Finally, the increase in permeability heterogeneity of the targeted formation decreased the sharpness of CO2 plume front while the mean arrival time of the plume front was relatively consistent.