Drilling rate of penetration prediction and optimization using response surface methodology and bat algorithm

Results indicate that the derived statistical model provides an efficient tool for estimation of ROP and determining optimum drilling conditions. Sensitivity study using analysis of variance shows that well depth, yield point to plastic viscosity ratio, weight on bit, bit rotation speed, bit jet impact force, and 10 min to 10 s gel strength ratio have the greatest effect on ROP variation respectively. Cumulative probability distribution of predicted ROP shows that the penetration rate can be estimated accurately at 95% confidence interval. In addition, study shows that by increasing well depth, there is an uncertainty in selecting the jet impact force as the best objective function to determine the effect of hydraulics on penetration rate.