Study for critical roughness based on interfacial energy

Variation of the normalized adhesion work per unit solid-liquid contact area with the roughness, and determination of the critical roughness for the transition from non-composite to composite wetting state. (a) and (d) One-step; (b) and (e) Two-step; (c) and (f) Three-step microstructure for inherently hydrophobic materials θy = 120°, 100° respectively. X-coordinate of intersection is regarded as the critical roughness for transition in each diagram.286