Administration of the Nrf2-ARE activators sulforaphane and carnosic acid attenuates 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction ex vivo

► CNS injury causes oxidative damage and production of toxic aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). ► Mitochondria are susceptible to 4-HNE, which inhibits respiration. ► Nrf2-ARE mediate the antioxidant defense enzymes. ► Nrf2-ARE activators sulforaphane and carnosic acid attenuate 4-HNE mitotoxicity.