Aggregate reactivation mediated by the Hsp100 chaperones

► Hsp100 chaperones support heat-shock survival of bacteria, yeast, and plants. ► Hsp100 reactivate aggregated proteins in cooperation with Hsp70/40. ► Hsp100 chaperones (ClpB/Hsp104) belong to the AAA+ family of ATPases. ► Hsp100 use energy from ATP to extract single polypeptides from aggregated particles.