Neuronal phospholipid deacylation is essential for axonal and synaptic integrity

► Genetic deficiency of iPLA2β or NTE causes neurological disease. ► iPLA2β and NTE phospholipase activities maintain synaptic and axonal integrity. ► iPLA2β mediates synaptic PUFA-associated phospholipid turnover. ► NTE mediates phosphatidylcholine homeostasis.