Functional matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 genetic variants modify the effects of hemodialysis on circulating MMP-9 levels

► Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in cardiovascular complications. ► Hemodialysis (HD) may affect MMP-9 levels in end stage kidney disease (ESKD). ► MMP-9 polymorphisms may affect MMP-9 levels. ► We found MMP-9 polymorphisms affecting HD-induced increases in MMP-9 levels. ► Patients with such MMP-9 genetic markers may benefit from MMP inhibitors.