hCG, five independent molecules

► This paper reviews every aspect of 5 variants of hCG. ► The biological function and detection of hCG are examined. ► The paper examines the structure, biological function and detection of hyperglycosylated hCG. ► The biological functions of sulfated hCG are examined and functions during the menstrual cycle. ► The function of hCGß and hyperglycosylated hCGß, two cancer promoters, is investigated.