ESR1 in myocardial infarction

► The effect of estrogens and of ERα on the cardiovascular system is described. ► E2 and ERα exert their function acting via genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. ► In animals, ERα activation reduces infarct size, inflammation, and oxidative stress. ► It also induces vasodilatation and increases neovascularization. ► The cardioprotective role of ERα in humans is not fully elucidated.