Optimization of de-esterified tragacanth microcapsules by computational fluid dynamic and the Taguchi design with purpose of the cell encapsulation

This work presents the development of the new De-Esterified Tragacanth (DET) microcapsules (MCs). Co-flow extrusion method was applied for producing the MCs; the processing parameters were optimized by the Taguchi design to obtain the smallest and the most spherical MCs. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) modeling was accomplished to show the formation of droplets at different airflows, and finally, βTC3 pancreatic cells were encapsulated in the MCs. The optimum MCs had 214.58 μm size and 60.75% sphericality. The air pressure and the cross-linking reaction of DET were the most influential parameter in size and the sphericality of MCs, respectively. CFD showed two velocity vortices with rotational flow formed in the chamber, which caused changing the droplet moving direction. The encapsulated cells were proliferated, and cell viability was not reduced during six days. These phenomena make DET MCs a potential candidate for the cell encapsulation.