Investigation of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and its interaction with protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2 gene (PTPN2) on risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY)

► We investigated the association between T1D and variants in VDR and PTPN2 genes. ► VDR and PTPN2 variants are not associated with risk of development of IA. ► VDR and PTPN2 variants interact to influence progression from IA to T1D. ► This study offers insight concerning the role of vitamin D in the etiology of T1D.