Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1AbMod toxin counters tolerance associated with low cadherin expression but not that associated with low alkaline phosphatase expression in Manduca sexta

- Cry1Ab toxin relies on cadherin and alkaline-phosphatase for toxicity to Manduca sexta.
- Cry1AbMod counters tolerance associated with low cadherin expression.
- Cry1Ab does not counter tolerance associated with low alkaline-phosphatase expression.
- Cry1AbMod counters resistance associated with mutation affecting expression of midgut proteins involved in toxin oligomerization.