GLP-1-derived nonapeptide GLP-1(28-36)amide targets to mitochondria and suppresses glucose production and oxidative stress in isolated mouse hepatocytes

► A nonapeptide derived from GLP-1 has insulin-like actions on mouse hepatocytes. ► The nonapeptide enters hepatocytes and targets to mitochondria. ► The nonapeptide suppresses glucose production in insulin-resistant hepatocytes. ► The nonapeptide inhibits reactive oxygen species in hepatocytes and restores cellular ATP levels. ► The nonapeptide might be useful for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome.