Possible involvement of PACAP and PACAP type 1 receptor in GnRH-induced FSH β-subunit gene expression

► GnRH stimulates synthesis of PACAP and PAC1R in gonadotroph. ► PACAP and PAC1R were preferentially induced by low frequency of GnRH pulse. ► PACAP produced from gonadotroph affects to gonadotroph through PAC1R. ► GnRH and PACAP coordinately work for FSHβ subunit synthesis.