Wheat functional genomics in the era of next generation sequencing: An update

Bread wheat is not only an important cereal crop but also a model for study of an allopolyploid plant with a large, highly repetitive genome. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology provide needed throughput to conquer the enormous size of the wheat genome. Multiple high quality reference genome sequences will soon be available. Full-scale wheat functional genomics studies are dawning. In this review we highlight the available tools and methodologies for wheat functional genomics research developed with the assistance of NGS technology and recent progress, particularly the concerted effort in generating multiple reference genomes, strategies to attain genome-wide genetic variation, genome-wide association studies, mutant population generation, and NGS-supported gene cloning and functional characterization. These resources and platforms lay a solid foundation for wheat research, leading to a new era of wheat functional genomics that will bridge the gap between genotype and phenotype. Dissection of wheat genomes and gene functions should assist in genomics-assisted selection and facilitate breeding of elite varieties for sustainable agriculture in China and the world.