Imidazole decreases the ampicillin resistance of an Escherichia coli strain isolated from a cow with mastitis by inhibiting the function of autoinducer 2

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-positive Escherichia coli is an important causative agent of mastitis in dairy cows that results in reduced milk production and quality, and is responsible for severe economic losses in the dairy industry worldwide. The quorum sensing signaling molecule autoinducer 2 (AI-2) is produced by many species of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and might be a universal language for intraspecies and interspecies communication. Our previous work confirmed that exogenous AI-2 increases the antibiotic resistance of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-positive E. coli to the β-lactam group of antibiotics by upregulating the expression of the TEM-type β-lactamase. In addition, this regulation relies on the function of the intracellular AI-2 receptor LsrR. In the present work, we reported that exogenous imidazole, a furan carbocyclic analog of AI-2, decreases the antibiotic resistance of a clinical E. coli strain to β-lactam antibiotics by inhibiting the function of AI-2.