Preincisional and postoperative epidural morphine, ropivacaine, ketamine, and naloxone treatment for postoperative pain management in upper abdominal surgery

Preincisional and postoperative epidural M + R + K + N treatment provides an ideal postoperative pain management than preincisional and postoperative epidural M + R, M + R + K, and M + R + N treatments in upper abdominal surgery.