Increased serum TREM-1 level is associated with in-stent restenosis, and activation of TREM-1 promotes inflammation, proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells

These data suggest that TREM-1 is a predictive biomarker of ISR and an important mediator of cellular inflammation, migration, and proliferation in VSMCs. Pharmacological inhibition of TREM-1 may serve as a promising approach to attenuate the progression of ISR.