Bio-profiling and bio-prognostication of chronic heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction

Although HFmrEF is acknowledged as an intermediate phenotype between HFrEF and HFpEF, from a multi-biomarker point of view, HFmrEF was similar to HFrEF, except that NTproBNP levels were lower. Biomarkers commonly used for HFrEF risk prediction are more valuable for HFmrEF risk stratification.