Factores de riesgo cardiovascular desde la perspectiva de sexo y género

The different biological processes between men and women are termed sex differences, and are frequently reproducible in animal models. With regard to cardiovascular diseases, hormonal differences, which ultimately have an impact on gene expression and function in the sex chromosomes, produce certain variations in the prevalence and presentation of cardiovascular conditions, including those associated with autonomic regulation, hypertension, diabetes and vascular and cardiac remodeling. In contrast, gender differences are unique to human beings and arise from sociocultural practices (environment, lifestyle, nutrition). In order to increase the quality of clinical care from a women's cardiovascular disease perspective, this chapter will examine cardiovascular risk factors, both the traditional ones as well as those that are unique to, and emerging in, women.