Nonenzymatic amperometric sensing of glucose by using palladium nanoparticles supported on functional carbon nanotubes

A nonenzymatic electrochemical method was developed for glucose detection using an electrode modified with palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs)-functional carbon nanotubes (FCNTs). PdNPs were homogeneously modified on FCNTs through a facile spontaneous redox reaction and characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Based on the voltammetric and amperometric results, PdNPs efficiently catalyzed the oxidation of glucose at 0.40 V in the presence of 0.2 M NaCl and showed excellent resistance towards poisoning from such interfering species as ascorbic acid, uric acid, and p-acetamidophenol. This anti-poisoning ability was investigated using analysis of the electrocatalytic products by in situ subtractively normalized interfacial Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy, and the results indicated that no strongly adsorbed COad species could be found in the oxidation products, which was obviously different from the results obtained using Pt-based electrodes. In order to verify the sensor reliability, it was applied to the determination of glucose in urine samples. The results indicated that the proposed approach provided a highly sensitive, wide linear range, more facile method with good reproducibility for glucose determination, promising the development of Pd-based material in nonenzymatic glucose sensing.