A case of Epstein-Barr virus-negative human immunodeficiency virus-related primary effusion lymphoma

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare subtype of large B-cell lymphoma associated with human herpesvirus-8. Most cases are co-infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The prognosis of PEL is extremely poor and no optimal treatment regimen has been established. We report a case of EBV-negative PEL in a 49-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-positive man, presenting with massive bilateral pleural effusion.