Spectroscopic investigations of carious tooth decay

We report on the elemental composition of healthy and infected part of human tooth using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). We have used prominent constituent transitions in laser-excited tooth to diagnose the state of the tooth. A nanosecond laser pulse (355 nm, 5 ns) was used as an ablating pulse and the sodium (3s2S–3p2P) at 588.99 and (3s2S–3p2P) at 589.99 nm, strontium (5s21S–1s5P) at 460.55 nm, and calcium (3d3D–4f 3F0) at 452.55 nm transitions for spectroscopic analysis. The spectroscopic observations in conjunction with discriminate analysis showed that calcium attached to the hydroxyapatite structure of the tooth was affected severely at the infected part of the tooth. The position-time plots generated from two-dimensional (2D) images conclusively showed a decrease in calcium concentration in the infected region of the irradiated tooth. Using the technique, we could distinguish between the healthy and carious parts of the tooth with significant accuracy.