Kinematic patterns in normal and degenerative shoulders. Part II: Review of 3-D scapular kinematic patterns in patients with shoulder pain, and clinical implications

The clinical or instrumented assessment of the shoulder complex with a degenerative pathology must include the analysis of scapula-clavicle and trunk movements complementing the GH assessment. Depending on the individual clinical case, scapular dyskinesis could be the cause or the consequence of the shoulder degenerative pathology. For most degenerative shoulder pathologies, the rehabilitation program should take into account the whole shoulder complex and include first a scapular and trunk postural-correcting strategy, then scapulothoracic muscle rehabilitation (especially serratus anterior and trapezius inferior and medium parts) and finally neuromotor techniques to recover appropriate upper-limb kinematic schemas for daily and/or sports activities.