Preoperative hormonal stimulation effect on hypospadias repair complications: Meta-analysis of observational versus randomized controlled studies

Effect estimates generated from the better quality of evidence showed that PHS may decrease postoperative complications following hypospadias repair. Future studies should aim at identifying indicated subgroup of patients that will benefit from it and standardizing the dose and mode of delivery for best clinical result.Table. Summary of relative risk and corresponding 95% CI according to study design.No. of studiesRelative risk for postoperative complication95% CIRandomized controlled trials30.360.20-0.65Cohorts91.310.95-1.81Total120.990.63-1.55