24 Hour urine metabolic differences between solitary and multiple stone formers: Results of the Collaboration on Urolithiasis in Pediatrics (CUP) working group

Multiple stone disease in children is associated with higher super-saturation calcium oxalate, while lower urinary volume may also be associated with multiple stones; however, further study is required. Early metabolic evaluation may help risk stratify children likely to form multiple stones.46Figure. Super-saturation of calcium oxalate and multiple stone status.