Mitigation of arsenic toxicity and accumulation in hydroponically grown rice seedlings by co-inoculation with arsenite-oxidizing and cadmium-tolerant bacteria

A model summarizing the role of As(III)-oxidizing and Cd-tolerant bacteria in reducing As toxicity, translocation and accumulation in rice plants; As(III): arsenite, As(V): arsenate, As2S3: arsenic trisulfide, AsS: arsenic sulfide, subscript out: in solution or outside root cells, subscript in: inside root cells, subscript xy: xylem, red line: iron plaques.159