Fabrication and characterization of the bionanocomposite film based on whey protein biopolymer loaded with TiO2 nanoparticles, cellulose nanofibers and rosemary essential oil

A novel bionanocomposite film containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), rosemary essential oil (REO) and Whey protein isolate (WPI) were prepared by casting/evaporation method, and evaluated their physicomechanical, structural, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.