Satellite observations of sub-mesoscale vortex trains in the western boundary of the South China Sea

This study uses high resolution MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) satellite data to analyze sub-mesoscale ocean vortex trains (OVTs) in the western boundary of the South China Sea (SCS). Thirteen cases of vortex trains on the lee side of the Phú Quý Island were observed in the boreal summer from May to August of 2005−2010. The average diameter of the vortices is 28.1 ± 13.8 km. The average spacing distance estimated between two consecutive vortices is 66.3 ± 27.8 km. The dynamic parameters of a case observed on July 26, 2009 were extracted using a theoretical model. The aspect ratio is 2.8. The ratio of the propagation velocity of the vortex to the undisturbed flow velocity is 0.73. We use a nested high-resolution numerical model with the finest grid of 500 m, to analyze the dynamics of OVT induced by the local topography in the western SCS (WSCS). The results give a propagation velocity of vortex 0.49 of m s−1 and a mean current velocity of undisturbed flow 0.58 m s−1. Therefore, the ratio is 0.84. The shedding frequency is determined to be 1.14 × 10−5 s−1, corresponding to 1.02 day. The results also suggest that the sub-mesoscale cyclonic vortices along the OVT in the WSCS are characterized by low temperature and high Rossby number. The strong vertical vorticity and associated horizontal velocity shear of an individual vortex brings uplifted cold water on its leading side and warm water on its trailing side, which could drive an enhanced vertical exchange between the surface and oceanic interior.