Attentional control as a prospective predictor of posttraumatic stress symptomatology

• Examined attentional control (AC) as prospective predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS).
• Controlled for Pre-Time 1 (T1) trauma, T1 PTSS, and T1 anxiety in analysis.
• Higher AC at T1 predicted lower Time 2 (T2) PTSS, but only for trauma exposed between T1 and T2.
• AC may be a protective factor against the development of PTS in acute aftermath of trauma.

Attentional control may be used by trauma survivors to temporarily disengage and shift attention from threat salient information, allowing individuals to remain in, and habituate to, trauma-relevant contexts rather than using less adaptive regulatory strategies. Thus, greater attentional control abilities may be one factor that differentiates those who recover from trauma exposure from those who do not. In the present study, we examined attentional control as a prospective predictor of posttraumatic (PTS) symptoms over the course of two assessment sessions (T1 and T2). Consistent with the hypothesis that attentional control can be used to alleviate trauma-related distress, we predicted that an inverse relation between T1 attentional control and T2 PTS symptoms would be significantly stronger among participants who had experienced a traumatic event between time points (24% of the total sample: N = 85). Pre-T1 trauma history and T1 PTS symptoms served as covariates in regression analysis. Results revealed that T1 attentional control only predicted T2 PTS symptoms for participants who had experienced a traumatic event between time points. Thus, attentional control may be a protective factor against the development of PTS symptomatology in the aftermath of a traumatic event.