Progress on the electrode materials towards vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) with improved power density

171The vanadium flow battery (VFB) has been considered as one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies. The VFB electrode has an important effect on the voltage loss of the VFB associated with electrochemical polarization, ohmic polarization and concentration polarization. In this review, state-of-the-art of various modification methods on the VFB electrode materials is overviewed and summarized, and the future research directions helpful to reduce polarization loss are presented.