Giardia in shellfish-farming areas: Detection in mussels, river water and waste waters

Giardia cyst contamination of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), raw and treated waste waters and water from rivers that flow into four Galician estuaries (NW Spain), where bivalve molluscs are cultured for human consumption, was studied. The high prevalence of contamination in mussels (41.8%, n = 184), raw waste water (90.9%, n = 11), treated waste water (87.5%, n = 16) and in samples of river water (85.7%, n = 7), with cyst counts of 9.8-1800.0, 7.0-2541.0 and 1.0-29.3 cysts l−1, respectively, illustrate the wide distribution of this enteropathogen in the environment and the potential risk to public health associated with the consumption of raw or undercooking bivalves and use of these estuaries for recreational purposes.