Connecting active duty and returning veterans to mental health treatment: Interventions and treatment adaptations that may reduce barriers to care

Recent military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq have involved multiple deployments and significant combat exposure, resulting in high rates of mental health problems. However, rates of treatment-seeking among military personnel are relatively low, and the military environment poses several obstacles to engaging in effective clinical interventions. The current paper first reviews barriers and facilitators of treatment-seeking and engagement among military personnel, including stigma, practical barriers, perceptions of mental health problems, and attitudes towards treatment. Next, this paper reviews treatment adaptations and other interventions that are intended to reduce barriers to care among active duty and returning military personnel. These include early interventions, brief formats, integrating clinicians into the medical and military context, technology-based interventions, addressing negative treatment perceptions, screening/early identification, and enlisting unit support.

► Barriers to care include stigma, practical barriers, and treatment perceptions.
► Treatment adaptations and other interventions may help address these barriers.
► Adaptations include brevity, flexibility, and use of technology.
► Interventions also reframe perceptions and include military-specific components.
► Future research should examine the efficacy of these adaptations.