Oxaliplatin Induces a Delayed Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

We report a case of a 59-year-old woman with metastatic carcinoma of the ileocecal region who received FOLFOX (oxaliplatin/leucovorin/5-fluorouracil) and bevacizumab therapy and exhibited a partial remission with minimal side effects. She developed a mild self-limited episode of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia during her 16th cycle of chemotherapy, which precluded her from receiving further oxaliplatin. We review the literature on oxaliplatin-induced immune-mediated hemolysis, including its mechanism, presenting symptoms, laboratory features, management, and implications for future therapy.