The role of transforming growth factor β1 in the vascular system

The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family of cytokines exert pleiotropic effects upon a wide variety of cell types. TGFβ1 has been demonstrated to be of fundamental importance in the development, physiology and pathology of the vascular system. As the role of TGFβ1 in these processes becomes clearer, influencing its activity for therapeutic benefit is now beginning to be investigated. This review presents an overview of the role of TGFβ1 in the vasculature. The cellular and extracellular biology of the TGFβ family is first addressed, followed by an overview of the function of TGFβ1 during vascular development, atherogenesis, hypertension, and vessel injury.