Morphologic characteristics of masseter muscle in cleidocranial dysplasia: A report of 3 cases

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia. In order to define the morphologic characteristics of the masseter muscle incidental to bone abnormalities, we present 3 cases of CCD with the masseter muscle thickness and maxillofacial bone abnormalities, using computed tomography (CT) and panoramic radiographs. In CCD patients (a) the masseter muscles were less thick than in age- and sex-matched control subjects, (b) the zygomatic arch was discontinuous with the hypoplastic zygomatic bone, (c) the ascending ramus of the mandible had parallel-sided borders, and (d) the coronoid process pointed upwards and/or posteriorly. We have concluded the masseter muscles are less thick than normal, alongside the maxillofacial bone abnormalities in CCD patients.