Cochlear implantation in the partially ossified cochlea

Advances in the understanding of cochlear anatomy, the pathophysiology of labyrinthitis ossificans, and the development of surgical techniques have reduced the number of patients denied candidacy for cochlear implantation due to cochlear duct obstruction. In addition to computed tomography, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging fosters improved surgical planning in cases with soft tissue obstruction without ossification. Specific electrodes for use in the obstructed cochlea maximize insertion and access available ganglion cells. This article addresses the components of the preoperative evaluation, surgical decision-making, and specific techniques for cochlear implant array insertion in the partially ossified cochlea.