Variations in diffusion coefficient of disperse dyes in single PET fibres: monitored and interpreted by confocal laser scanning microscopy

A novel method is proposed for determining the diffusion coefficient (D) of disperse dyes in PET fibres. Concentration-distance profiles are recorded on optical sections of single fibres by confocal laser scanning microscopy. This allows for an accurate value of the true diffusion coefficient in the fibres as well as for a founded insight in the dye diffusion process and its interrelation with the glass transition, which is not possible by the commonly used methods. At 130 °C, the common industrial dyeing temperature, the diffusion coefficient showed to be constant for the dyes tested, with D being about five times larger for the anthraquinone dye than for the benzodifuranone dye. At 100-110 °C, near to the start of the glass transition region of the fibres, D could no longer be regarded as a constant for the anthraquinone dye but was concentration dependent. This was explained by the plasticising effect of the anthraquinone dye.