Effect of crystal structure of copper species on the rate and selectivity in oxidative carbonylation of ethanol for diethyl carbonate synthesis

For the catalyst of CuCl2-PdCl2-KCl-NaOH/AC, the conversion of ethanol and the yield of diethyl carbonate increased remarkably when the oxygen/ethanol molar ratio was increased from 1:8 to 1:4. However, the catalysts with other potassium promoters showed a slight change in its catalytic performance, when the oxygen/ethanol molar ratio increased.