Svelteness, freedom to morph, and constructal multi-scale flow structures

This paper reviews recent progress on constructal theory and design. The emphasis is on the development of multi-scale, nonuniformly distributed flow structures that offer increased compactness (e.g., heat transfer density). Examples are counterflow heat exchangers with tree-shaped hot and cold streams, and tree architectures on a disc. Every flow system has a property called svelteness (Sv), which is the ratio between its external (global) length scale and its internal length scale (V1/3), where V is the volume occupied by all the ducts. Emphasis is placed on the development of simple strategies for decreasing the computational cost required by the development of such structures. The generation of multi-scale flow configurations is a process that can be projected on a diagram having global performance on the abscissa and degrees of freedom on the ordinate. This process rules the development (evolution) of all flow configurations for systems with global objective, global constraints and freedom to morph.