Changes in immunomodulatory properties of Echinacea spp. root infusions and tinctures stored at 4 °C for four days

Taken together, these results suggest that: (1) homemade Echinacea extracts are efficacious in modulating immune cell activity in vitro but that their properties change with time during storage at 4 °C; and (2) endotoxin effects from extracts may be important considerations in the analysis of immunobiological data.