کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
991655 | 1481158 | 2014 | 15 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
• We identify a group of vulnerable “strugglers” in Latin America.
• Over the next decades, they will account for a third of the region’s population.
• Their net benefit from the fiscal system largely derives from in-kind transfers.
• These public services are of questionable quality.
• We argue that the strugglers will likely risk marginalization in their countries.
SummaryWe identify a group of people in Latin America that are not poor but not middle class either—namely “strugglers” in households with daily income per capita between $4 and $10 (at constant 2005 PPP). This group will account for about a third of the region’s population over the next decades; as the size and income of the middle class rises, they could become increasingly marginalized. The cash transfers they receive are largely offset by indirect taxes; the benefit of schooling and other in-kind transfers they receive is questionable after adjusting for quality. We discuss implications for the social contract.
Journal: World Development - Volume 60, August 2014, Pages 132–146