Keywords: BoNT; botulinum neurotoxins; TeNT; tetanus toxin; LC; light chain of botulinum neurotoxins; HC; heavy chain of botulinum neurotoxins; HCN; translocation domain of botulinum neurotoxins; HCC; receptor binding domains of botulinum neurotoxins; LD50; half-le
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Keywords: Botulinum toxins; Clinical trial; AE; Adverse event; BoNT; Botulinum neurotoxin; CD; Cervical dystonia; CGRP; calcitonin gene-related peptide; CP; cerebral palsy; IGA; Investigator's Global Assessment; IL-6; Interleukin 6; MMP-1; Matrix metalloproteinase-
Keywords: Botulinum neurotoxin; 3,4-Diaminopyridine; Isometric muscle contractions; Endplate recordings; Neurotransmission; Release probability; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; DAP; 3,4-diaminopyridine; HC; heavy chain; LC; light chain; NMJ; neuromuscular junction; EPP
Keywords: BoNT; Blepharospasm; Cervical dystonia; Limb spasticity; Chronic migraine;
Keywords: AZ; active zone; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; CAZ; cytomatrix at the active zone; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; Munc; mammalian uncoordinated; Nrxn1; Neurexin 1-alpha; RABV; rabies virus; RIM; regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein; RIM-B
Keywords: Bacterial toxins; Botulinum; Diphtheria; Genomics; Bioinformatics; Metagenomics; BoNT; Toxin discovery;
Keywords: BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; TC; toxin complex; NTNHA; nontoxic nonhemagglutinin; HA; hemagglutinin; SDS-PAGE; sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SAXS; small-angle X-ray scattering; QCM; quartz crystal microbalance; DAM; dummy atom
Keywords: AIC; Akaike information criterion; BoNT; botulinum toxin; CCW; counter clockwise; CD; cervical dystonia; CI; confidence interval; CNS; central nerve system; CW; clockwise; P; p-value; SD; standard deviation; SVV; subjective visual vertical; Dystonia; Botu
Keywords: AboA; abobotulinumtoxinA; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; DyT; dystonic tremor; EMG; electromyography; ET; essential tremor; IncoA; incobotulinumtoxinA; NIHCGC; National Institutes of Health Collaborative Genetic Criteria; OL; open label; OnaA; onabotulinumto
Keywords: BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; CT; cholera toxin; PAMPs; pathogen-associated molecular patterns; ENS; enteric nervous system; PSA; polysaccharide A; SCFAs; short-chain fatty acids; CNS; central nervous system; GABA; γ-aminobutyric acid; TeNT; tetanus neurot
Keywords: AFLP; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism; BoNT; Botulinum neurotoxin; MLST; Multi-Locus Sequence Typing; MLVA; Multiple Locus Variable-number tandem repeat Analysis; NRCB; National Reference Centre for Botulism; PFGE; Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis;
Keywords: Biological toxins; Ricin; Botulinum neurotoxin; Staphylococcal enterotoxin; Saxitoxin; Standardization; Proficiency testing; AOAC; AOAC International; BoNT; Botulinum neurotoxin; CRM; Certified reference material; CWC; Chemical Weapons Convention; EFSA; E
Keywords: Botulism; Clinical suspicion; Antitoxin; Intensive respiratory care; BoNT; botulin neurotoxins; EMG; electromyography; AN; artificial nutrition; PICC; peripherally inserted central catheter; SpO2; arterial oxygen saturation;
Keywords: Botulinum neurotoxin; Botulism; Synaptotagmin; Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2; Protein complex; Host-pathogen recognition; botulinum neurotoxin; BoNT; light chain; LC; heavy chain; HC; N-terminal domain of HC; HN; C-terminal domain of HC; HC; N-terminal
Keywords: BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin (protein); bont; botulinum neurotoxin (gene); orf; open reading frame; HA; hemagglutinin; NTNH; nontoxic non-hemagglutinin; kb; kilobase; bp; base pairs; SNP; single nucleotide polymorphism; Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium ar
Keywords: Cerebral palsy; Stiff-knee; Gait analysis; Uneven surface; BSCP; bilateral spastic cerebral palsy; CON; typically developed controls; EMG; electromyography; iEMG; integrated electromyography signal; BoNT; Botulinum neurotoxin; MAS; modified Ashworth scale
Keywords: BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; BoNT/A; serotype A botulinum neurotoxin; CR1; complement receptor; Fabâ²; mAb antigen binding domain; HC50A; BoNT/A recombinant 50Â kD C-terminal domain; FP; a fusion protein consisting of a streptavidin molecule and an scFv s
Keywords: Protein translocase; Biological weapons; Botulism; Antibotulinal agents; Modular nanomachine; βME; beta-mercaptoethanol; ÎpH; pH gradient across the cis and trans compartments; γ; single channel conductance; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; BTD; beltless tr
Keywords: BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; BoNT/A; botulinum neurotoxin type A; USFDA; United States Food and Drug Administration; NSF; Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor; NSF; Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor; SNARE complex; adaptor protein receptor com
Safety and immunogenicity of investigational recombinant botulinum vaccine, rBV A/B, in volunteers with pre-existing botulinum toxoid immunity
Keywords: botulism; botulinum neurotoxin; Human Botulism Immune Globulin; infant botulism; pentavalent botulinum toxoid; recombinant botulinum vaccine; AEs; adverse events; AUC; area under the plasma concentration-time curve; BIG-IV; Human Botulism Immune Globulin
In vitro potency determination of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A based on its receptor-binding and proteolytic characteristics
Keywords: Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A); In vitro assay; Binding and cleavage assay (BINACLE assay); Activity determination; BINACLE; Binding and cleavage assay; BoNT; Botulinum neurotoxin; BSA; Bovine serum albumin; GT1b; Trisialoganglioside GT1b; H-cha
Dual-route targeted vaccine protects efficiently against botulinum neurotoxin A complex
Keywords: BoNT; clostridium botulinum neurotoxin; DCpep; dendritic cell binding peptide; Hc; heavy chain of BoNT/A; CL; colon; MLN; mesenteric lymph node; SP; spleen; PLN; peripheral lymph node; GC; germinal center; Tfh; T follicular helper cells; Botulinum neuroto
The in vitro detection of botulinum neurotoxin-cleaved endogenous VAMP is epitope-dependent
Keywords: AraC; cytosine β-d-arabinofuranoside; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; DIV; days in vitro; ELISA; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FBS; foetal bovine serum; HBSS; Hank's Balanced Salt Solution; PBS; phosphate buffered saline; PLO; poly-l-ornithine; RabMAb;
An in vitro cell-based potency assay for pharmaceutical type A botulinum antitoxins
Keywords: BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; SNAREs; soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors; SNAP-25; 25 kDa synaptosomal associated protein; WHO; World Health Organization; MsLD50; mouse 50% lethal dose; IIBR; Israel Institute for Biologic
Comparison Between Steroid and 2 Different Sites of Botulinum Toxin Injection in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylalgia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Drug-Controlled Pilot Study
Keywords: Botulinum toxins, type A; Randomized controlled trial [publication type]; Rehabilitation; Steroids; Tennis elbow; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; BoNT-A; botulinum toxin type A; PRTEE; Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation; RCT; randomized controlled trial; V
Systematic analysis of botulinum neurotoxin type A immunogenicity in clinical studies
Keywords: ABO; abobotulinumtoxinA; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; BoNT-A; botulinum neurotoxin type A; INCO; incobotulinumtoxinA; MDA; mouse diaphragm assay; MPA; mouse protection assay; NAb; neutralizing antibodies; ONA; onabotulinumtoxinA; Botulinum toxin; BoNT-A; I
Multicenter observational study of abobotulinumtoxinA neurotoxin in cervical dystonia: The ANCHOR-CD registry
Keywords: Cervical dystonia; Botulinum toxin; AbobotulinumtoxinA; Torticollis; Cervical pain; Disability; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; CD; cervical dystonia; CDIP; CD Impact Profile; CGIC; clinical global impression of change; PGIC; Patient Global Impression of Chan
BoNT/AB hybrid maintains similar duration of paresis as BoNT/A wild-type in murine running wheel assay
Keywords: AAAA; BoNT/A wild-type; AABB; BoNT/AB hybrid consisting of the BoNT/A LC and BoNT/A HN and BoNT/B HC; ANOVA; analysis of variance; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; BoNT/A-G; botulinum neurotoxin serotype A-G; DAS assay; digit abduction score assay; Distac; run
Antibody responses to botulinum neurotoxin type A of toxin-treated spastic equinus children with cerebral palsy: A randomized clinical trial comparing two injection schedules
Keywords: Abs; antibodies; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; BoNT/A; BoNT type A; BSA; bovine serum albumin; CD; cervical dystonia; CP; cerebral palsy; MPA; mouse protection assay; PBS; 0.01Â M sodium phosphate buffer, pHÂ 7.2, containing 0.15Â M NaCl; RCT; randomized cl
A novel therapeutic with two SNAP-25 inactivating proteases shows long-lasting anti-hyperalgesic activity in a rat model of neuropathic pain
Keywords: Neuropathic pain; Botulinum neurotoxin; SNAREs; Analgesics; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; BoTIM/A; protease-inactive mutant of BoNT/A; CGRP; calcitonin gene-related peptide; DAS; digit abduction score; DC; di-chain; DTT; dithiothreitol; HC; heavy chain; HN;
A cross-sectional structured survey of patients receiving botulinum toxin type A treatment for blepharospasm
Keywords: BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; BoNT/A; botulinum neurotoxin type A; BSDI; Blepharospasm Disability Index; CD; cervical dystonia; JRS; Self-administered Jankovic Rating Scale; SD; standard deviation; AbobotulinumtoxinA; Blepharospasm; Botox; Dysport; Incobotu
ReviewExpression and cellular function of vSNARE proteins in brain astrocytes
Keywords: AQP4; aquaporin 4 water channel; BoNT; botulinum toxin; dnSNARE; dominant negative SNARE; EM; electron microscopy; GLAST; glutamate aspartate transporter; GLT-1; glutamate transporter 1; GPCR; G protein-coupled receptor; KO; knockout; miniSOG; mini single
In vitro potency determination of botulinum neurotoxin B based on its receptor-binding and proteolytic characteristics
Keywords: BINACLE; binding and cleavage assay; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; BSA; bovine serum albumin; GT1b; ganglioside GT1b; H-chain; heavy chain; HCc; C-terminal region of the H-chain; L-chain; light chain; LD50; lethal dose for 50% of test animals; NAP; neurotox
In-vivo comparison of the neurotoxic potencies of incobotulinumtoxinA, onabotulinumtoxinA, and abobotulinumtoxinA
Keywords: BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; BoNT/A-G; botulinum neurotoxin type A-G; A/Inco; incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin®); A/Ona; onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®); A/Abo; abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®); DAS assay; digit abduction score assay; MU; mouse unit; Vmax; maximum
Structural and functional analysis of botulinum neurotoxin subunits for pH-dependent membrane channel formation and translocation
Keywords: BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; DrBoNT; deactivated recombinant botulinum neurotoxin; LD; lethal dose; LC; light chain; HC; heavy chain; CD; circular dichroism; SNARE; soluble NSF attachment protein receptor; Tm; melting temperature; PC; phosphatidylcholine;
Aesthetic use of BoNT: Options and outcomes
Keywords: BoNT; Clostridium botulinum; Botulinum toxin; Cosmetic; Crows feet; Pretarsal orbicularis; Forehead lines; Glabellar rhytides; Browlift; Masseter; Mentalis; Nasalis; Gummy smile; Marionette lines; Platysma bands; Bunny lines; Corrugator supercilii; Depres
Genomic characterization of Italian Clostridium botulinum group I strains
Keywords: BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin (protein); bont; botulinum neuro-toxin (gene); kb; kilobase; Mb; megabase; bp; base pairs; FGI; flagellar glycosylation island; MLST; MultiLocus Sequence Typing; MLVA; Multiple Loci Variable-number-tandem-repeat Analysis; NGS; N
Interactions of a potent cyclic peptide inhibitor with the light chain of botulinum neurotoxin A: Insights from X-ray crystallography
Keywords: BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; Balc; botulinum neurotoxin A light chain; Balc424; Balc truncated at residue 424; Balc448; full-length Balc; CPI-1; cyclic peptide inhibitor-1; CPI-2; cyclic peptide inhibitor-2; DAB; 2,4-diaminobutanoic acid; FRET; Förster re
Relationship between gastrointestinal dysbiosis and Clostridium botulinum in dairy cows
Keywords: C. botulinum; Dysbiosis; Gut microbiota; BoNT; Protozoa;
Bladder Instillation of Liposome Encapsulated OnabotulinumtoxinA Improves Overactive Bladder Symptoms: A Prospective, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial
Keywords: onabotulinumtoxinA; liposomes; urinary bladder; overactive; AE; adverse event; BoNT; botulinum toxin; GRA; global response assessment; OAB; overactive bladder; OABSS; OAB symptom scores; onaBoNTA; onabotulinumtoxinA; PVR; post-void residual; Qmax; maximum
Glucose hypermetabolism in the thalamus of patients with drug-induced blepharospasm
Keywords: BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin type A; DBS; Deep-brain stimulation; EB; essential blepharospasm; FWE; family-wise error; FDG; 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose; GP; globus pallidus; GPe; globus pallidus externa; GPi; globus pallidus interna; JRS; Jankovic Rating Scale;
Alleviation of abnormal synaptic neurotransmitter release by cell-permeable form of the truncated SNAP-25 upon transcutaneous delivery
Keywords: SNAP-25; synaptosome-associated protein of 25Â kDa; VAMP; vesicle-associated membrane protein; SNARE; soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; BoNT; Botulinum neurotoxin; DBS; deep brain stimulation; BBB; blood-brain barrie
A substrate sensor chip to assay the enzymatic activity of Botulinum neurotoxin A
Keywords: BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; SPR; surface plasmon resonance; RU; resonance unit; BSA; bovine serum albumin; LD50; median lethal dose; Hepes; 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethane sulfonic acid; SNAP-25; Synaptosomal-associated protein 25; DTT; Dithiothrei
Comparative immunochemical characteristics of botulinum neurotoxin type A and its associated proteins
Keywords: Botulinum; Clostridium; Complex; Hn-33; Immunogenicity; ELISA; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; BoNT/A; botulinum neurotoxin type A; NAPs; neurotoxin-associated proteins; NBP; neurotoxin-binding protein; ELISA; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PBS; phosphate
Therapeutic effectiveness of botulinum neurotoxin A: Potent blockade of autonomic transmission by targeted cleavage of only the pertinent SNAP-25
Keywords: SNAREs; Autonomic neurons; Acetylcholine; Neurotherapeutics; ACSF; artificial cerebrospinal fluid; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; BoNT/A - G; BoNT type A - G; DAPI; 4â²,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; HC and HN; C- and N-terminal halves of the toxins' heavy
Discovery of a novel enzymatic cleavage site for botulinum neurotoxin F5
Keywords: Botulinum neurotoxin; BoNT/F; Synaptobrevin-2; Mass spectrometry; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; SNAP-25; synaptosomal-associated protein; PBS; phosphate buffered saline; TPGY; trypticase-peptone-glucose-yeast extract; CHCA; alpha-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamic ac
Mouse compound muscle action potential assay: An alternative method to conduct the LD50 botulinum toxin type A potency test
Keywords: Botulinum neurotoxin type A; Alternative; Potency test; CMAP assay; Prevalidation; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; CMAP; compound muscle action potential; LD; lethal dose;
Antibody and T cell recognition of the light chain of botulinum neurotoxin A in two high-responder mouse strains
Keywords: Ab; Antibody; BoNT; Botulinum neurotoxin; BoNT/A; Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A; BoNT/B; Botulinum neurotoxin serotype B; BSA; Bovine serum albumin; L chain; The light chain (residues 1-448) of BoNT/A; H chain; The heavy chain (residues 449-1296) of
Inhibition in vivo of the activity of botulinum neurotoxin A by small molecules selected by virtual screening
Keywords: Botulinum neurotoxin A; Small molecule inhibitors; Virtual screening; In vivo activity; Mouse protection assay; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; Glide; Grid-based ligand docking energetics; MPA; mouse protection assay; SP; Standard precision; VS; virtual scre
Molecular immune recognition of botulinum neurotoxin B. The light chain regions that bind human blocking antibodies from toxin-treated cervical dystonia patients. Antigenic structure of the entire BoNT/B molecule
Keywords: Ab; antibody; BSA; bovine serum albumin; BoNT; botulinum neurotoxin; BoNT/A; botulinum neurotoxin, type A; BoNT/B; botulinum neurotoxin, type B; CD; cervical dystonia; HN; the N-terminal domain of the H chain of the respective toxin (BoNT/B residues 442â