HCV-induced PKR activation is stimulated by the mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase MSK2
Keywords: PKR; HCV; IFN; dsRNA signaling; RSK
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Cloning and functional analysis of PKZ (PKR-like) from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)
Keywords: Z-DNA; PKR; PKZ; Z-DNA binding protein; Teleost fish
The Cell Biology of the Unfolded Protein Response
Keywords: ER; endoplasmic reticulum; HRI; heme-regulated kinase; IFN; interferon; PKR; protein kinase; SREBP1c; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c; UPR; unfolded protein response; Xbp1; X-box binding protein 1;
Sindbis virus replication, is insensitive to rapamycin and torin1, and suppresses Akt/mTOR pathway late during infection in HEK cells
Keywords: PI3K; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; mTOR; mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC1; mTOR complex1; mTORC2; mTOR complex2; S6K1; p70 S6 kinase1; S6; ribosomal protein S6; 4E-BP1; eIF4E1 binding protein1; eIF2α; eukaryotic initiation factor 2α; PKR; ds RNA
Research ArticleME3738 enhances the effect of interferon and inhibits hepatitis C virus replication both in vitro and in vivo
Keywords: HCV; hepatitis C virus; HSA; human serum albumin; IFN; interferon; IL; interleukin; ISG; interferon stimulated gene; MxA; myxovirus resistance protein A; OAS; oligoadenylate synthetase; PKR; double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase; PCR; polymerase ch
Research ArticleHepatitis C virus and alcohol: Same mitotic targets but different signaling pathways
Keywords: HCCs; hepatocellular carcinomas; HBV; hepatitis B virus; HCV; hepatitis C virus; NASH; non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; p38MAPK; p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; PKR; RNA-activated protein kinase; JNK; c-Jun N-terminal kinase; NF-kB; nuclear factor-kB;
Dengue virus replication in infected human keratinocytes leads to activation of antiviral innate immune responses
Keywords: DENV; dengue virus; hpi; hours post infection; hBD; human β defensin; DC; dendritic cells; LC; Langerhans cells; MDDCs; myeloid DCs; RNase; Ribonuclease; IRF; interferon regulatory factor; RIG-I; Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene-I; MAD5; Melanoma Differentia
West Nile virus infection does not induce PKR activation in rodent cells
Keywords: West Nile virus; PKR; dsRNA; eIF2a; Nck
The enhanced host-cell permissiveness of human cytomegalovirus is mediated by the Ras signaling pathway
Keywords: DMEM; Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium; E; Early; EBV; Epstein-Barr virus; EGF; Epidermal Growth Factor; EGFR; Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; ERK; Extracellular Regulated Kinase; FBS; Fetal Bovine Serum; FTI; Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor; HFF; Huma
RNA species generated in vaccinia virus infected cells activate cell type-specific MDA5 or RIG-I dependent interferon gene transcription and PKR dependent apoptosis
Keywords: Vaccinia virus; RIG-I; MDA5; PKR; Poxvirus; dsRNA; Interferon; Apoptosis; PAMPs
Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are both antiviral and proviral
Keywords: ADAR; adenosine deaminase acting on RNA; bp; base pair; dsRNA; double-stranded RNA; IFN; interferon; nt; nucleotide; PKR; protein kinase regulated by RNA; ssRNA; single-stranded RNA; UTR; untranslated region; ADAR; Double-stranded RNA; Innate immunity; In
Heat shock proteins in oncology: Diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets?
Keywords: 2 DE; 2D gel electrophoresis; 2DPAGE; 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; AIF; Apoptosis inducing factor; Apaf-1; Apoptotic protease activating factor 1; APC; Antigen presenting cell; ASK-1; Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1; Bag; Bcl-2-associated a
Exogenous IFN-β has antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties in primary bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic subjects exposed to rhinovirus
Keywords: Innate immunity; picornaviridae infections; type I interferons; asthma exacerbation; BEC; Bronchial epithelial cell; IP-10; Interferon-inducible protein 10; IRF-7; Interferon regulatory factor 7; MDA-5; Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5; PBEC; Pr
RNA adenosine deaminase ADAR1 deficiency leads to increased activation of protein kinase PKR and reduced vesicular stomatitis virus growth following interferon treatment
Keywords: ADAR1; Vesicular stomatitis virus; PKR; Type I IFN
Research ArticleHepatitis C virions subvert natural killer cell activation to generate a cytokine environment permissive for infection
Keywords: HCV; hepatitis C virus; IFN; interferon; PKR; protein kinase R; IL; interleukin; ISG; IFN-sensitive-gene; NK; natural killer; IL-12; interleukin 12; mAb; monoclonal antibody; HCVcc; cell culture-derived HCV particles; Chronic infection; HCV-E2 glycoprotei
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and autoimmune-mediated glomerulonephritis
Keywords: PUFAs; polyunsaturated fatty acids; DHA; docosahexaenoic acid; EPA; eicosapentaenoic acid; IgAN; immunoglobulin A nephropathy; PGs; prostaglandins; LTs; leukotrienes; COX; cyclooxygenase; ESRD; end-stage renal disease; CKD; chronic kidney disease; SLE; sy
Human αIFN co-formulated with milk derived E2-CSFV protein induce early full protection in vaccinated pigs
Keywords: CSF; classical swine fever; CSFV; classical swine fever virus; CSFV-SNA; classical swine fever virus-specific neutralizing antibodies; DMEM; Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media; E2-CSFV; E2 glycoprotein from classical swine fever virus; IFN; interferon; hαIF
Cancer-Associated Myeloproliferation: Old Association, New Therapeutic Target
Keywords: ARG; arginase; ATRA; all-trans-retinoic acid; CSF; colony-stimulating factor; EG; endocrine gland; G-CSF; granulocyte-CSF; IL; interleukin; iNOS; inducible nitric oxide synthase; JAK; Janus kinase; MDSC; myeloid-derived suppressor cell; PKR; prokineticin;
Herpesviruses: Hijacking the Ras signaling pathway
Keywords: BL; Burkitt's lymphoma; COX-2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II; E; Early; EBNA; Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen; EBV; Epstein-Barr virus; EGF; Epidermal Growth Factor; EGFR; Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; Elk; Ets-related transcription factor; ERK; ex
HCV Research 20 Years After Discovery: A Summary of the 16th International Symposium on Hepatitis C Virus and Related Viruses
Keywords: apo; apolipoprotein; CTLA-4; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4; ER; endoplasmic reticulum; GADD45β; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45β; GRE; GU-rich element; HVR1; hypervariable region 1; IFN; interferon; IL; interleukin; IRF; interferon-regulato
Double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase is involved in osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells in vitro
Keywords: PKR; Osteoclast; RAW264.7; MFR; DC-STAMP; NF-κB
A role for protein kinase PKR in the mediation of Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein-1-induced IL-6 and IL-10 expression
Keywords: EBV; LMP1; Cytokine; PKR; Kinase
Unravelling the importance of microRNAs during hepatitis C virus infection in the human liver
Keywords: CHC; chronic hepatitis C; cEVR; complete early virological responder; HCV; hepatitis C virus; HIV; human immunodeficiency virus; IFN; interferon; miRNAs; microRNAs; PKR; protein kinase R; PNR; primary nonresponder; RISC; RNA induced silencing complex; UTR
Lipopolysaccharide induces autotaxin expression in human monocytic THP-1 cells
Keywords: Autotaxin; LPS; THP-1 cells; PKR; JNK; p38 MAPK; LPA
PKR protein kinase is activated by hepatitis C virus and inhibits viral replication through translational control
Keywords: Hepatitis C virus; JFH1; PKR; eIF2α phosphorylation; Translational control; Interferon
TLR4-independent and PKR-dependent interleukin 1 receptor antagonist expression upon LPS stimulation
Keywords: IL-1rn; TLR4; PKR; Sepsis; LPS;
In vitro susceptibility to rhinovirus infection is greater for bronchial than for nasal airway epithelial cells in human subjects
Keywords: Human rhinovirus; nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cells; air-liquid interface; HBE; Human bronchial epithelial; HNE; Human nasal epithelial; HRV; Human rhinovirus; ICAM-1; Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; PKR; Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein
The effect of the vaccinia K1 protein on the PKR-eIF2α pathway in RK13 and HeLa cells
Keywords: Vaccinia; PKR; eIF2α; K1L; Host range;
Fine characterization of intrahepatic NK cells expressing natural killer receptors in chronic hepatitis B and C
Keywords: HCV; hepatitis C virus; HBV; hepatitis B virus; NK; natural killer; NKR; natural killer receptor; PKR; protein kinase R; IRF; interferon regulatory factor; KIR; killer immunoglobulin-like receptor; HLA; human leucocyte antigen; LIR; leucocyte Ig-like rece
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara can activate NF-κB transcription factors through a double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR)-dependent pathway during the early phase of virus replication
Keywords: Vaccinia; MVA; NF-kappaB; I-kappaB; K1L; CP77; Cowpox; PKR; Orthopoxvirus; Vaccine
PKR-mediated degradation of STAT1 regulates osteoblast differentiation
Keywords: PKR; STAT1; SLIM; Osteoblast; Differentiation
Translational insensitivity to potent activation of PKR by HCV IRES RNA
Keywords: PKR; Translation; HCV; IRES; eIF2
Evidence of molecular links between PKR and mTOR signalling pathways in Aβ neurotoxicity: Role of p53, Redd1 and TSC2
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; PKR; p53; Redd1; TSC2; mTOR
Characteristics of alpha/beta interferon induction after infection of murine fibroblasts with wild-type and mutant alphaviruses
Keywords: Interferon; Alphavirus; PKR; MDA5; TBK1; RIG-I; Antagonism
Efficacité du traitement avec des acides gras essentiels oméga-6 administrés avant et après la kératectomie photoréfractive
Keywords: Apoptosis; micronutrition; omega-6 essential fatty acids; PRK; corneal healing; dry eye; PKR; cicatrisation cornéenne; Åil sec; apoptose; haze; micronutrition; acides gras essentiels oméga-6;
Nck-1 interacts with PKR and modulates its activation by dsRNA
Keywords: Nck-1; dsRNA; PKR; p38MAPK; Cell deathdsRNA, double-stranded RNA; eIF2α, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha-subunit; PKR, protein kinase RNA-activated; SH2, Src homology 2 domain; SH3, Src homology 3 domain; Poly IC or pIC, polyriboinosinic:polyribocyti
Oxidative stress induces PKR-dependent apoptosis via IFN-γ activation signaling in Jurkat T cells
Keywords: ROS; Interferon; PKR; Apoptosis
Non-coding transcript in T cells (NTT): Antisense transcript activates PKR and NF-κB in human lymphocytes
Keywords: Non-coding T cell transcript (NTT); Antisense NTT; Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs); PKR; NF-κB; Lymphocyte activation
Double stranded RNA activated EIF2 α kinase (EIF2AK2; PKR) is associated with Alzheimer's disease
Keywords: Alzheimer; Genetic association; PKR; EIF2AK2; Onset age
ICP34.5-dependent and -independent activities of salubrinal in herpes simplex virus-1 infected cells
Keywords: Herpes simplex virus-1; Salubrinal; ICP34.5; eIF2-alpha; PKR; Antiviral drugs; Syncytia
RAX is required for fly neuronal development and mouse embryogenesis
Keywords: RAX; PKR; PACT; Loquacious; miRNA; dsRNA; Fly; Mouse; Embryogenesis; Knockout
PKR is a novel functional direct player that coordinates skeletal muscle differentiation via p38MAPK/AKT pathways
Keywords: p38MAPK; PKR; PI3K/Akt; Muscle; Differentiation;
Antagonizing activity of vaccinia virus E3L against human interferons in Huh7 cells
Keywords: Vaccinia virus; E3L; IFN; PKR; Huh7
Effects of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) monocyte cell line RTS-11
Keywords: Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV); Rainbow trout; Macrophages; Antiviral mechanisms; RTS11; Mx; PKR
Identification from diverse mammalian poxviruses of host-range regulatory genes functioning equivalently to vaccinia virus C7L
Keywords: Poxvirus; Vaccinia virus; Myxoma virus; C7L; Host-range; PKR
Eukaryotic initiation factor 2α kinase is a nitric oxide-responsive mercury sensor enzyme: Potent inhibition of catalysis by the mercury cation and reversal by nitric oxide
Keywords: HRI; heme-regulated eIF2α kinase or heme-regulated inhibitor; eIF2α; α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2; SDS-PAGE; sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; Fe3+-hemin; Fe3+-protoporphyrin IX complex; Fe2+-heme; Fe2+-proto
Knockdown of PKR expression by RNAi reduces pulmonary metastatic potential of B16-F10 melanoma cells in mice: Possible role of NF-κB
Keywords: PKR; RNA interference; B16 Melanoma; Metastasis; Cancer; NF-κB
RNAi in primary human chondrocytes: Efficiencies, kinetics, and non-specific effects of siRNA-mediated gene suppression
Keywords: RNAi; siRNA; Chondrocytes; IL-6; PKR; Transfection
Interferon-induced inhibition of parainfluenza virus type 5; the roles of MxA, PKR and oligo A synthetase/RNase L
Keywords: Parainflueza virus type 5; Interferon; PKR; OAS; MxA
IFN-γ-induced upregulation of Fcγ-receptor-I during activation of monocytic cells requires the PKR and NFκB pathways
Keywords: Inflammation; Immune response; Transcription; Signal transduction; Fcγ-receptor; PKR; Stat1; NFκB; Interferon; U-937; U937