Atrazine induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in quail (Coturnix C. coturnix) kidney via modulating Nrf2 signaling pathway

illustrating the proposed mechanism by ATR-induced nephrotoxicity in quail. Nrf2 signaling pathway was blocked by ATR in kidney of quail. Mitochondria in quail kidney were the target organelles of ATR induced nephrotoxicity. ATR damaged mitochondrial function and morphology. It is deduced that ATR-induced nephrotoxicity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and interruption of Nrf2 signaling pathway.192