Optimization of the sputter-deposited platinum cathode for a direct methanol fuel cell

The electrodes prepared by a sputtering method were evaluated as the cathodes for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Pt loading below 0.25 mg cm−2 achieved higher mass activities than that of 0.5 mg cm−2 prepared by the paste method, which was general conventional method. However, an increase in Pt loading reduced the catalyst activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This result may suggest an increase in only electrochemically inactive Pt. Pt utilization efficiency can be found about ten times higher at Pt loading of 0.04 mg cm−2. Moreover, addition of Nafion to sputter-deposited Pt cathodes is found possible to improve the catalyst activity for the ORR, but the excess Nafion over the optimum condition reduces the active sites.